Impact of Environmental Noise Transition From Internal Combustion Engine to Electric Vehicles On Building

Electric Vehicles (EV) have emerged as an environmentally friendly solution, with much lower emissions and minimal noise during operation. This reduces the excessive noise impact generated by Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). This study aims to identify noise transition on each floor of a building when traffic is dominated by EV. The methods used in this research include the NMPB method, direct measurement of noise emissions from vehicle sound sources, and simulations.

Based on simulation results with 100% ICE, the daytime noise level in the building lobby across the entire frequency range is 71.2 dB(A). The noise standard that causes disturbance to humans from road traffic noise is 55 dB(A). This indicates that the existing noise level is uncomfortable and disruptive to office workers during working hours. Subsequently, simulations were conducted for low, medium, and high frequencies. The daytime noise level in the lobby based on traffic simulation with 100% ICE is 61 dB(A) at low frequency, 68.7 dB(A) at medium frequency, and 62.3 dB(A) at high frequency. In the simulation with 50% ICE and 50% EV, the noise levels obtained are 60.4 dB(A) at low frequency, 68.9 dB(A) at medium frequency, and 61.1 dB(A) at high frequency.

In the simulation with 100% EV, the noise levels obtained are 56.9 dB(A) at low frequency, 65.6 dB(A) at medium frequency, and 51 dB(A) at high frequency. The significant reduction in environmental noise levels at low and high frequencies when using 100% EV indicates that the transition to EV can significantly reduce noise disturbances in office buildings without additional acoustic treatment and can contribute to reduced building construction costs when traffic is dominated by EV.